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shall enjoy in the United Kingdom, as regards taxation, the right to carry on business and access to the courts, treatment not less favourable than that enjoyed by companies, firms, partnerships or corporations of the most favoured foreign country.
ARTICLE 13.
Cases terminated in the British courts in China before the coming into force of this Treaty shall not be reopened, and all final judgments or decisions rendered in such cases shall be executed in any part of China by the Chinese judicial authorities. Cases pending before the British courts in China at the time of the coming into force of this Treaty shall continue until judgment is pronounced in the said courts, the jurisdiction of which shall remain in full force- for this purpose; and the Chinese authorities undertake to lend any assistance requested by the British authorities in this connexion.. All such pending cases shall be finally disposed of and wound up within a period of six months from the date of the coming into force of this Treaty, upon the expiration of which period any cases still pending shall be dismissed or turned over to the Chinese courts for adjudication. It is understood that after the coming into force of the present Treaty no actions against subjects of His Majesty will be entertained by the competent Chinese courts in respect of acts which took place prior to that date for which they were not liable according to English law, but for which they might be liable according to Chinese law.
ARTICLE 14.
1. In all matters of personal status, among which are included all questions relating to marriage, conjugal rights, divorce, judicial separation, dower, paternity, affiliation, adoption, capacity, majority, guardianship, trusteeship and interdiction, and in all matters relating to succession whether by will or on intestacy, and to the distribution and winding up of estates and family law in general, English law will be applied by the Chinese courts as regards subjects of His Majesty in China.
2. All such cases of personal status where only subjects of His Majesty are concerned will, at the option of any of the parties concerned, be dealt with outside the jurisdiction of the Chinese courts.
3. British consular officers shall take temporary possession of the estates in China of deceased subjects of His Majesty. They shall administer the same in all cases where no objection to such administration has been filed by an interested party in writing at a British consular office in China within ninety days after notice of death has been published by the competent consular office. Where such objection is filed the provisions of paragraph 1 or 2 will apply as the case may be. In cases of intestacy where there is no kin the immovable property of the deceased will be disposed of in accordance with the laws of China.
4. In all the above-mentioned matters the principles of private international law will be likewise applied by the courts of the United Kingdom as regards Chinese citizens without any discrimination against them as compared with the nationals of any other country.
ARTICLE 15.
The existing rights enjoyed in China by subjects of His Majesty to travel, reside, establish firms. open branches, acquire or lease property, work and engage in industry or commerce, shall remain unimpaired.
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ARTICLE 16.
Subjects of His Majesty in the area of Greater Shanghai, as shown on the attached map, shall not be amenable to the juris- diction of the Chinese courts during a period of five years from the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty. It is agreed
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